Etonitat ati agonist opioid ti o jọmọ benzimidazole ni a ṣe awari ni ipari awọn ọdun 1950 nipasẹ ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn oniwadi Swiss ti n ṣiṣẹ ni ile-iṣẹ oogun CIBA (bayi Novartis).Ọkan ninu awọn agbo ogun akọkọ ti ẹgbẹ Swiss ṣe iwadi jẹ 1- (beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, eyiti a rii pe o ni 10% ti iṣẹ analgesic morphine ni bioassometry rodent.Wiwa yii ṣe iwuri fun ẹgbẹ naa lati bẹrẹ ikẹkọ eto eto ti 2-benzyl benzimidazole ati lati fi idi ibatan iṣẹ-iṣe fun idile tuntun ti awọn apanirun irora.Awọn ọna iṣelọpọ gbogbogbo meji ni idagbasoke lati ṣeto awọn agbo ogun wọnyi.

Ọna akọkọ jẹ pẹlu ifunmọ o-phenylenediamine pẹlu phenylacetonitrile lati ṣe 2-benzylbenzimidazole.Awọn benzimidazole ti wa ni alkylated pẹlu awọn ti o fẹ 1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane lati dagba ik ọja.Ọna pataki yii wulo julọ fun igbaradi benzimidazole laisi awọn aropo lori oruka benzene

Ijọpọ gbogbogbo julọ [4] ti o ni idagbasoke nipasẹ ẹgbẹ Swiss akọkọ jẹ pẹlu alkylation ti 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene pẹlu 1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane lati ṣe N- (β-diethylaminoethyl) -2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine.Awọn aropo 2-nitro lori awọn agbo ogun 2, 4-dinitroaniline lẹhinna yiyan dinku si awọn amines akọkọ ti o baamu nipa lilo ammonium sulfide bi aṣoju idinku.Ammonium sulfide le ṣe gaasi hydrogen sulfide ni ipo nipa fifi ojutu ammonium hydroxide ti o ni idojukọ ati saturating pẹlu ojutu naa.Agbedemeji ti o ṣẹda nipasẹ idinku yiyan ti 2-nitro-substituent 2- (β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, eyiti o ṣe atunṣe pẹlu iminoethyl ether hydrochloride ti 4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Imnoether, 2- (4-ethoxy phenyl) -acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, ti wa ni pese sile bi a gaasi nipa tu 4-fidipo benzyl cyanide ni adalu ethanol anhydrous ati chloroform, ati ki o saturating awọn ojutu pẹlu anhydrous hydrogen kiloraidi.Idahun laarin 2- (beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline ati hydrochloride ti iminoethyl ether awọn abajade ni dida etonitrazine.Ilana naa dara julọ fun igbaradi ti 4-, 5-, 6- ati 7-nitrobenzimidazole.Yiyan awọn iminoethers ti o rọpo ti phenylacetic acid le pese awọn agbo ogun pẹlu awọn aropo pupọ ni aaye 2 benzene

Ọpọlọpọ awọn analogues ti wa ni mọ, awọn nikan miiran ohun akiyesi yellow yo lati atilẹba iwadi ni 1950 ni clonitacetone, eyi ti o jẹ Elo alailagbara ju etonissini (nipa 3 igba morphine).Laipẹ diẹ, lati opin ọdun 2018, nọmba awọn analogues apẹẹrẹ ti bẹrẹ lati han lori ọja arufin ni agbaye, pẹlu awọn agbo ogun olokiki julọ ni metronidazole, isonidazole ati ettazine, ṣugbọn awọn miiran tẹsiwaju lati han.