Etonitat iyo opioid agonist benzimidazole ee la xidhiidha ayaa la helay dabayaaqadii 1950-meeyadii koox cilmi-baarayaal Swiss ah oo ka shaqeynayay shirkadda dawooyinka ee CIBA (hadda Novartis).Mid ka mid ah xeryahooda ugu horreeya ee ay daraaseeyeen kooxda Swiss waxay ahayd 1- (beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, kaas oo la ogaaday inuu leeyahay 10% dhaqdhaqaaqa xanuunka morphine ee bioassometry jiirka.Natiijooyinkani waxa ay ku dhiiri galiyeen kooxda in ay bilaabaan daraasad nidaamsan oo dhamaystiran 2-benzyl benzimidazole iyo in la dhiso xidhiidhka qaabdhismeedka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa qoyskan cusub ee xanuunka baabi'iyaha.Laba hab oo isku dhafan oo guud ayaa la sameeyay si loo diyaariyo isku-dhisyadan.

Habka ugu horreeya wuxuu ku lug leeyahay uumi o-phenylenediamine leh phenylacetonitrile si loo sameeyo 2-benzylbenzimidazole.Benzimidazole ayaa markaa alkylad lagu daray 1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane ee la doonayo si loo sameeyo badeecada ugu dambeysa.Habkan gaarka ah ayaa aad waxtar u leh diyaarinta benzimidazole iyada oo aan wax beddel ah lagu samayn giraanta benzene

Isku-dhafka guud [4] ee ay soo saareen kooxda Swiss ayaa marka hore ku lug leh alkylation of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene oo leh 1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane si loo sameeyo N- (β-diethylaminoethyl) -2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine].Bedelayaasha 2-nitro ee 2, 4-dinitroaniline xeryahooda ayaa markaa si xushmad leh loo dhimay amines aasaasiga ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo ammonium sulfide sida wakiilka yaraynta.Ammonium sulfide wuxuu ku samayn karaa gaaska hydrogen sulfide ee goobta isagoo ku daraya xal ammonium hydroxide oo xoog leh oo ku dherga xalka.Dhexdhexaad ah oo lagu sameeyay hoos u dhigista xulashada 2-nitro-bstituent 2- (β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, kaas oo markaa la falgala iminoethyl ether hydrochloride ee 4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Iminoether, 2- (4-ethoxy phenyl) -acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, waxaa loo diyaariyey sidii gaas iyadoo lagu milmay 4-benzyl cyanide oo lagu beddelay isku dar ah ethanol anhydrous iyo chloroform, ka dibna ku dheregsan xalka hydrogen chloride anhydrous.Dareen-celinta u dhaxaysa 2- (beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline iyo hydrochloride ee iminoethyl ether waxay keenaysaa samaynta etonitrazine.Nidaamku wuxuu si gaar ah ugu habboon yahay diyaarinta 4-, 5-, 6- iyo 7-nitrobenzimidazole.Xulashada iminoethers la beddelay ee phenylacetic acid waxay ku siin kartaa isku-dhisyo leh beddelaadyo badan oo ku yaal goobta 2-benzene

Analoogyo badan ayaa la og yahay, isku dhafka kale ee caanka ah ee laga soo qaatay daraasaddii asalka ahayd ee 1950-yadii waa clonitacetone, taas oo aad uga daciifsan etonissini (qiyaastii 3 jeer morphine).Dhawaan, tan iyo dhammaadkii 2018, tiro ka mid ah analogues naqshadeeye ayaa bilaabay inay ka soo muuqdaan suuqyada sharci darrada ah ee adduunka, iyada oo xeryahooda ugu caansan ay yihiin metronidazole, isonidazole iyo ettazine, laakiin kuwa kale ayaa sii socda inay soo baxaan.