I kitea a Etonitat me tana agonist opioid agonist benzimidazole i te mutunga o nga tau 1950 e te roopu o nga kairangahau o Swiss e mahi ana i te kamupene rongoa CIBA (Novartis inaianei).Ko tetahi o nga puhui tuatahi i akohia e te roopu Swiss ko te 1-(beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, i kitea he 10% o te mahi analgesic a te morphine i roto i te bioassometry kiore.I whakatenatena tenei kitenga i te kapa ki te timata i te rangahau nahanaha matawhānui o te 2-benzyl benzimidazole me te whakarite i te hononga hanganga-mahi mo tenei whanau hou o nga rongoa mamae.E rua nga tikanga whakahiato whanui i hangaia hei whakarite i enei puhui.

Ko te tikanga tuatahi ko te whakamaaramatanga o te o-phenylenediamine me te phenylacetonitrile hei hanga 2-benzylbenzimidazole.Ko te benzimidazole ka whakaalkylated ki te 1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te hua whakamutunga.Ko tenei tikanga tino pai mo te whakarite i te benzimidazole me te kore he whakakapinga ki te mowhiti benzene

Ko te whakahiatotanga tino whanui [4] i whakawhanakehia e te roopu Swiss i te tuatahi ka uru ki te alkylation o te 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene me te 1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane hei hanga N-(β-diethylaminoethyl)-2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine].Ko nga whakakapinga 2-nitro i runga i te 2, 4-dinitroaniline pūhui ka tohua ki te whakaheke ki nga amine tuatahi e rite ana ma te whakamahi i te ammonium sulfide hei kaihoko whakaheke.Ka taea e te haukinia sulfide te hanga hau hauwai sulfide i roto i te waahi ma te taapiri i te wairewa haukinia haukinia haukinia ka whakamakuku ki te wairewa.He takawaenga i hangaia e te whakahekenga whiriwhiringa o te 2-nitro-substituent 2-(β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, ka tauhohe ki te iminoethyl ether hydrochloride o 4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Ko te Iminoether, 2-(4-ethoxy phenyl) -acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, ka whakaritea hei hau ma te whakakore i te 4-substituted benzyl cyanide i roto i te ranunga o te waiwaro me te chloroform, ka whakamakuku i te otinga ki te hauwai hauwai.Ko te tauhohenga i waenga i te 2-(beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline me te hydrochloride o te iminoethyl ether ka puta te hanganga o te etonitrazine.He tino pai te tikanga mo te whakarite i te 4-, 5-, 6- me te 7-nitrobenzimidazole.Ko te kowhiringa o nga iminoether kua whakarereketia o te waikawa phenylacetic ka taea te tuku i nga puhui me nga momo whakakapi maha i te waahi-benzene 2.

He maha nga tairitenga e mohiotia ana, ko tetahi atu puhui rongonui i ahu mai i te rangahau tuatahi i nga tau 1950 ko te clonitacetone, he ngoikore ake i te etonissini (e 3 nga wa o te morphine).I mua tata nei, mai i te mutunga o te 2018, he maha nga hoahoa hoahoa kua timata ki te puta mai i runga i te maakete kore ture huri noa i te ao, ko nga puhui tino rongonui ko te metronidazole, isonidazole me te ettazine, engari ka puta tonu etahi atu.