Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Etonitat a me kāna benzimidazole opioid agonist e pili ana i ka hopena o 1950s e kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi Swiss e hana ana ma ka hui lāʻau lapaʻau CIBA (ʻo Novartis i kēia manawa).ʻO kekahi o nā pūhui mua i aʻo ʻia e ka hui Swiss ʻo 1-(beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, i ʻike ʻia he 10% o ka hana analgesic o ka morphine i ka bioassometry rodent.Ua hoʻoikaika kēia ʻike i ka hui e hoʻomaka i kahi noiʻi ʻōnaehana piha o 2-benzyl benzimidazole a hoʻokumu i ka pilina hana-hana no kēia ʻohana hou o nā ʻeha.Ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano hana synthesis maʻamau no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kēia mau pūhui.

ʻO ke ala mua e pili ana i ka condensation o ka o-phenylenediamine me ka phenylacetonitrile e hana i ka 2-benzylbenzimidazole.Hoʻopili ʻia ka benzimidazole me ka 1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane i makemake ʻia e hana i ka huahana hope.He mea pono loa kēia ʻano hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka benzimidazole me ka ʻole o nā mea pani ma ke apo benzene

ʻO ka synthesis maʻamau [4] i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hui Swiss e pili ana i ka alkylation o 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene me 1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane e hana i ka N-(β-diethylaminoethyl)-2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine].ʻO nā mea pani 2-nitro ma nā pūhui 2, 4-dinitroaniline a laila e hoʻemi ʻia i nā amine mua e pili ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonium sulfide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻemi.Hiki i ka Ammonium sulfide ke hana i ke kinoea hydrogen sulfide ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi solution ammonium hydroxide concentrated a hoʻopiha iā ia me ka hopena.ʻO kahi waena i hana ʻia e ka hoʻemi koho ʻana o 2-nitro-substituent 2-(β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, a laila hoʻololi me ka iminoethyl ether hydrochloride o 4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Iminoether, 2-(4-ethoxy phenyl) -acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, e like me ke kinoea ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka benzyl cyanide 4-substituted i loko o kahi hui o ka ethanol anhydrous a me ka chloroform, a laila hoʻopiha i ka hopena me ka hydrogen chloride anhydrous.ʻO ka hopena ma waena o 2-(beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline a me ka hydrochloride o ka iminoethyl ether ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o etonitrazine.He kūpono loa ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o 4-, 5-, 6- a me 7-nitrobenzimidazole.ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā iminoethers i hoʻololi ʻia o ka waikawa phenylacetic hiki ke hāʻawi i nā pūhui me nā mea pani he nui i ka benzene 2-site.

He nui nā analogues i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ka mea hoʻohui kaulana ʻē aʻe i loaʻa mai ka noiʻi kumu i ka makahiki 1950 ʻo clonitacetone, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ka etonissini (ma kahi o 3 mau manawa morphine).I kēia mau lā, mai ka hopena o ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea hoʻohālike hoʻolālā e ʻike ʻia ma ka mākeke kūʻai ʻole a puni ka honua, me nā pūhui kaulana loa ʻo metronidazole, isonidazole a me ettazine, akā ke hoʻomau nei nā mea ʻē aʻe.